References: Subclinical Hypothyroidism

References for CME Article

"The Conundrum of Subclinical Hypothyroidism"

References

[1] Thyroid hormone, Cleveland Clinic. Last reviewed 02/15/2022. Retrieved from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22391-thyroid-hormone

[2] Peeters RP, Visser TJ. Metabolism of Thyroid Hormone. [Updated 2017 Jan 1]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285545/

[3] Peeters RP. Subclinical Hypothyroidism. NEJM. 2017;376:2556-65. Retrieved from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMcp1611144

[4] Stott DJ et al. Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:2534-2544. June 29, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1603825

[5] Azim S, Nasr C. MD Subclinical hypothyroidism: When to treat. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine February 2019, 86 (2) 101-110. Retrieved from: https://www.ccjm.org/content/86/2/101

[6] Adlin V. Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Deciding When to Treat. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Feb 15;57(4):776-780. Retrieved from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0215/p776.html

[7] Misiunas A. Peripheral neuropathy in subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 1995 Aug;5(4):283-6. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7488869/

[8] Penza P. Painful neuropathy in subclinical hypothyroidism: clinical and neuropathological recovery after hormone replacement therapy. Neurol Sci. 2009 Apr;30(2):149-51. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19214379/

[9] Allam MA. Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:7755-7761. Retrieved from: https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=75583

[10] Reshdat, Sara. Relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and distal-symmetric diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus referred to Kosar Hospital in Semnan and related indicators in 2019–2020, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care: April 2022 - Volume 11 - Issue 4 - p 1361-1368. Retrieved from: https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/Fulltext/2022/04000/Relationship_between_subclinical_hypothyroidism.22.aspx

[11] Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA. 2010;304(12):1365-1374. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3923470/

[12] Gencer B, Collet TH, Virgini V, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure events: an individual participant data analysis from 6 prospective cohorts. Circulation. 2012;126(9):1040-1049. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884576/

[13] Chaker, Layal et al. “Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Stroke Events and Fatal Stroke: An Individual Participant Data Analysis.” The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism vol. 100,6 (2015): 2181-91. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4454799/

[14] Krassas GE, Rivkees SA, Kiess W (eds): Diseases of the Thyroid in Childhood and Adolescence. Pediatr Adolesc Med. Basel, Karger, 2007, vol 11, pp 80–103. Retrieved from: https://www.karger.com/WebMaterial/ShowFile/894088

[15] Garber JR et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Hypothyroidism in Adults. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):988-1028. Retrieved from: https://www.endocrinepractice.org/article/S1530-891X(20)43030-7/fulltext

[16] T4 Free. Quest Diagnostics. Retrieved from: https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-detail/866/t4-free-ft4?cc=MASTER

[17] T4 (Thyroxine), Total. Quest Diagnostics. Retrieved from: https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-detail/867/t4-thyroxine-total?cc=MASTER

[18] TSH. Quest Diagnostics. Retrieved from: https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-detail/899/tsh?cc=MASTER

[19] Mayo clinic laboratories. Thyroperoxidase Antibodies, Serum. 2022. Retrieved from: https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/TPO

[20] Barić A et al. Thyroglobulin Antibodies are Associated with Symptom Burden in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Immunological Investigations. Volume 48, 2019 - Issue 2. Retrieved from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08820139.2018.1529040

[21] Peiris AN, Medlock D, Gavin M. Thyroglobulin for Monitoring for Thyroid Cancer Recurrence. JAMA. 2019;321(12):1228. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2728926

[22] Block-Galarza J. Biotin supplement use is common and can lead to the false measurement of thyroid hormone in commonly used assays. CLINICAL THYROIDOLOGY FOR THE PUBLIC A publication of the American Thyroid Association. December 2018. Vol 11 Issue 12 p.3-4. Retrieved from: https://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/december-2018/vol-11-issue-12-p-3-4/

[23] Odhaib SA et al. How Biotin Induces Misleading Results in Thyroid Bioassays: Case Series. Cureus. 2019 May 23;11(5):e4727. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6663274/

[24] Ross DS et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. Volume 26, Number 10, 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/thy.2016.0229

[25] Katzman BM et al. Prevalence of biotin supplement usage in outpatients and plasma biotin concentrations in patients presenting to the emergency department. Clinical Biochemistry. Volume 60, 2018, Pages 11-16. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009912018303151

[26] Cerqueira Cesar Esteves Villar H et al. Thyroid hormone replacement for subclinical hypothyroidism. Cochrane Library. 18 July 2007. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6610974/

[27] Stott DJ et al. Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:2534-2544. June 29, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1603825

[28] Pearce SHS et al. 2013 ETA Guideline: Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2013;2:215–228. Retrieved from: https://www.eurothyroid.com/files/download/ETA-Guideline-Management-of-Subclinical-Hypothyroidism.pdf

[29] Maraka S et al. Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2016 Apr;26(4):580-90. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4827301/

[30] Jonklaas J et al. American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267409/

[31] Hoang TD, Olsen CH, Mai VQ, Clyde PW, Shakir MK. Desiccated thyroid extract compared with levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 May;98(5):1982-90. Retrieved from: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/98/5/1982/2536971?login=false

[32] Panicker V et al. Common Variation in the DIO2 Gene Predicts Baseline Psychological Well-Being and Response to Combination Thyroxine Plus Triiodothyronine Therapy in Hypothyroid Patients, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 94, Issue 5, 1 May 2009, Pages 1623–1629. Retrieved from: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/94/5/1623/2598196?login=true

[33] Carlé A et al. Hypothyroid Patients Encoding Combined MCT10 and DIO2 Gene Polymorphisms May Prefer L-T3 + L-T4 Combination Treatment - Data Using a Blind, Randomized, Clinical Study. Eur Thyroid J. 2017 Jul;6(3):143-151. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5527224/

[34] Bente C et al. Polymorphisms in Type 2 Deiodinase Are Not Associated with Well-Being, Neurocognitive Functioning, and Preference for Combined Thyroxine/3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Therapy, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 90, Issue 11, 1 November 2005, Pages 6296–6299. Retrieved from: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/90/11/6296/2838503?login=true

[35] McAninch EA, Bianco AC. The Swinging Pendulum in Treatment for Hypothyroidism: From (and Toward?) Combination Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Jul 9;10:446. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6629976/

[36] Synthroid Full Prescribing Information. AbbVie Inc. July 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.rxabbvie.com/pdf/synthroid.pdf

for CME article on subclinical hypothyrodism